Ravenna coins catalog with values online
Archbishopric of Ravenna
The oldest find indicating the presence of Christians in the Ravenna area is an inscription on a funeral stele found in Classe and dating back to the end of the 2nd century. Probably the first Christians in the Ravenna area were naval soldiers recruited in the countries of early Christianization, that is, in the Middle East. The first bishop whose existence is reliably established is Severus, who participated in the Council of Sardica in 343.
The diocese was located in Classe from its founding until the election of Ravenna as the capital of the Roman Empire (402). In anticipation of the transfer of the imperial court, construction of a new cathedral began. Built in the city center, it was consecrated on April 3, 407 and dedicated to the Resurrection of Jesus.
Pope Celestine I (422-432) elevated the throne of Ravenna to the metropolis. The first metropolitan was San Pietro Crisologo (433-450). At the end of the 5th century, the metropolis of Ravenna extended its jurisdiction to all the bishops of western Emilia. Ravenna was one of the three metropolitan centers of northern Italy, along with Milan and Aquileia. The Bishop of Ravenna received his consecration directly from the Bishop of Rome, but the popes respected the traditional autonomy of Ravenna - the clergy of Ravenna themselves chose the new archbishop.
In 540, the Archdiocese of Ravenna was liberated from the Ostrogoths. Considered by the emperors to be a stronghold of the Orthodox faith, located on the border with territories where Arianism was still widespread, in 546 Ravenna was elevated to the rank of archbishopric. In 554, Justinian appointed Ravenna as the capital of the Byzantine possessions in Italy.
The increased importance of Ravenna caused some concern in Rome. In 569/70, Pope Benedict I broke for the first time the ancient custom by which the clergy of Ravenna chose the archbishop by appointing the Roman prelate John.
In the Exarchate of Italy (c. 584), Ravenna was the capital. The administration was headed by an exarch, appointed directly by the emperor. Constantinople also gave the archbishop important civil powers, such as control of city finances, weights and measures, annona, and full civil and criminal jurisdiction over the clergy. The economic weight also increased - the Ravenna Church owned lands and buildings in all the dioceses of the province, as well as in Pentapolis, Umbria, Istria and even Sicily.
In 666, the Byzantine Emperor Constant II granted autocephaly to the Ravenna Church.
Pope Vitaliano and the Archbishop of Ravenna exchanged mutual anathema and a real schism occurred (671). Archbishop Mauro, supported by Constans II, joined the Monothelite heresy. His successor Reparato (671-677) did not go to Rome for his consecration.
Autocephaly was abolished in 680-682 by Emperor Constantine IV, who had reasons for rapprochement with the Roman Church - he felt a debt of gratitude to Pope Dono, who helped him regain his rightful throne. Despite this, Ravenna and Constantinople continued to maintain close relations.
In 751, the Byzantine Exarchate collapsed as a result of the Lombard conquest. The archbishops of Ravenna tried to create their own secular dominion, similar to that of the popes. The basis for the exercise of secular power was land holdings, just like the popes.
In the will of Charlemagne (814), Ravenna appears as the second capital seat of the Carolingian Empire after Rome. In 878, the see of Ravenna was among the main episcopal seats of the kingdom of Italy, together with the patriarch of Aquileia, the archbishop of Milan and the bishop of Pavia. During the 9th-10th centuries, the city of Ravenna was considered the “moral capital” of the Carolingian Empire.
On 25 December 983, the heir to the German throne, Otto III, still an infant, was consecrated Archbishop of Ravenna at Aachen, confirming the special ties that united Ravenna with the Ottonian dynasty. In 997, the first foreign bishop in Ravenna was the Frenchman Herberto di Aurillac, former mentor of Otto III and abbot of the Bobbio monastery. The pope gave the prelate civil jurisdiction over the city and over the entire coastal strip from the mouth of the Po di Primaro to Cervia.
The Holy Roman Emperor in 1080 opposed Pope Gregory VII to the Archbishop of Ravenna, Guiberto, who became the antipope with the name Clement III (1080-1100). Ravenna was part of the emperor's special plan, being the cornerstone of German dominance in northern Italy. On October 22, 1106, Pope Pasquale II, presiding at the Council of Guastalla, deprived Ravenna of ecclesiastical jurisdiction over all the dioceses of Emilia: Bologna, Modena, Reggio, Parma and Piacenza. Pressure from the Holy See had an effect: just ten years later, Archbishop Gualtiero restored Roman obedience in Ravenna, and Pope Gelasius II returned five dioceses to the Metropolitan See of Ravenna (7 August 1118). Gualtiero was the last Archbishop of Ravenna to sign official documents with the expression “slave of the Servants.” God, by the grace of God, Archbishop of the Church of Ravenna."
In 1157, the archbishops of Ravenna stopped giving themselves the title of exarch of the city. In the twelfth century, the emergence of municipal institutions led to the fact that during the next century all the cities of Romagna were freed from subordination to the archbishop, becoming free municipalities.
In 1278, when Romagna finally came under papal rule, the province of Romandiolæ et Exarchatus Ravennæ was created. The capital was Bologna, and Ravenna became the seat of the second office of the provincial president. The papal legate and rector assumed the powers and rights hitherto possessed by the Archbishop of Ravenna.
Benedetto Accolti in the 16th century was the last archbishop to have a difficult relationship with the popes, so much so that Pope Clement VII imprisoned him for ruling the March of Ancona. The decline of the Archdiocese of Ravenna was accelerated by the emergence of the Bolognese episcopate. A number of dioceses of Ravenna came under the jurisdiction of the See of Bologna.
Denar
Anonymous coinage
denar no date (13-14 century)
silver
DE RAVENA
ARCIEPISCO / PVS
Coin value - 20-30 USD
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